Rap vs virgin aggregate properties pdf

Rap vs virgin aggregate properties pdf
asphalt quality RAP is different than virgin aggregate and asphalt.”11 These differences translate into varying impacts on workers and the environment, into which there has been little research.
Finally, the virgin aggregates 24 and RAP were blended to achieve the particle size distribution of a dense mixture 25 recommended by the Chilean Highway Manual [14].
Using RAP has been favored over virgin materials in the light of the increasing cost of asphalt, the scarcity of quality aggregates, and the pressuring need to preserve the environment. The present laboratory investigation carried out on Bituminous Concrete (BC) mixes prepared with 10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40 % RAP
virgin aggregate, as well as the RAP particles. If this does occur, the resultant mixture If this does occur, the resultant mixture will be under-asphalted and may be …
replacement for more expensive virgin aggregate. Guthrie et al. (2007) conducted freefree resonant column tests on RAP and – natural aggregate blends to evaluate the effects of percentage change of RAP …
Virgin aggregate = New Aggregates RAS = Recycled Asphalt Shingles Virgin Binder = New Binder . Asphalt Rubber Hot Mix . Ground Tire Rubber is blended with hot liquid asphalt and sent to a reaction vessel before it is mixed with aggregates and sand. The “Rubber Plant” Why Asphalt Rubber? Rubber is “Green” Every ton of Asphalt rubber uses 3 tires. A typical 2” overlay uses approx. 2000
incorporating RAP improves some engineering properties like tensile strength, rutting performance, fatigue and stiffness [2, 3]. However there is also reported that hot mix asphalt incorporating RAP
processed RAP materials with virgin aggregates, proper bearing strengths have to be attained, because the RAP bearing capacity is usually less than that of conventional granular aggregate bases. As the virgin aggregate content increases, the dry density and strength properties increase. As a result, characteriz-ing and quantifying the expected range of RAP prop-erties is necessary before
binder properties will be those of the virgin binder only. POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF RAP BINDER If RAP and virgin binders blend or merge, effective binder properties will be determined by the amount of blending that occurs. IMPACTS OF BLENDING ON PERFORMANCE If we assume there is blending and there isn’t, virgin binder grade may be softer than desired. Increased chance for rutting …
Recycled Pavement Material (RPM) Generated by grinding up the bound layers and some of unbound base. Can be a mixture of RAP and RCA (left), or RAP and base aggregate or RAP, RCA and aggregate. Properties depend on the constituents to some degree, may behave more like RAP or more like regular mineral aggregate depending on the proportions. Building Derived Concrete (BDC) …
The report says RAP use may be limited by shortcomings in RAP aggregate properties. RAP aggregates should be checked for Superpave criteria such …
properties of emulsification and recycling ofso a lot of asphalt resource is wasted. the technology of emulsification and recycling of rap in room temperature reuses the aged asphalt in the rap thereby effectively reducing the quantity of newly added asphalt and …
(nominal maximum aggregate size) aggregate with PG 64-28/AC 20 binder. The asphalt The asphalt content of the RAP was determined to be 5 %, and the washed gradation was determined.

APPENDIX A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE NCHRP

MAT-756 INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF RAP GRADATION
1 Characterizing RAP Binder Properties through Impact Resonance Testing of Asphalt Mixtures NEAUPG Annual Meeting Portsmouth, New Hampshire October 24, 2013
This study is to evaluate the mechanical and chemical properties of the asphalt concrete (AC) mixture, fine aggregate matrix (FAM), and binder modified by three different rejuvenators and …
Contractor Asphalt Mix Design Approval Procedures 1. SCOPE 1.1 This practice describes the procedures for asphalt mix design approval, the time required to perform the required tests, and the cost of the testing. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1 AASHTO Standards : T 84 Specific Gravity & Absorption of Fine Aggregate T 85 Specific Gravity & Absorption of Coarse Aggregate T 90 …
and virgin aggregate base course material. Another research objective is to establish reasonable Another research objective is to establish reasonable default design input values to be used by pavement designers when using RAP as a substitute for
A. Natural Aggregate RAP Gsb If the RAP consists of natural aggregates only, the RAP Gsb shall be as follows: District RAP Gsb 1 & 2 2.660 3 – 9 2.630 B. Slag RAP Gsb RAP If the RAP contains slag aggregate the following procedure shall be used by an independent AASHTO accredited laboratory to determine the slag RAP Gsb. 1. Slag RAP Gsb Summary of Method A representative slag RAP …
viscoelastic, fatigue damage, and permanent deformation characterization of high rap bituminous mixtures using fine aggregate matrix (f am) hesamaddin nabizadeh, m.s.
Laboratory Tests and Numerical Simulation of Mixing Superheated Virgin Aggregate with RAP Materials Kun Zhang1 Haifang Wen1 Andrew Hobbs2 1Washington State University and 2ASTEC Industries INC.
Definition of HMA In simple terms…: A mixture of asphalt binder and graded mineral aggregate, mixed at an elevated temperature and compacted to form a relatively dense

Aggregate properties Crushed faces Fine aggregate angularity Gsb of RAP Aggregate Unresolved. Late 1990s – NCHRP 9-12 Primarily done on lab mix Used lab generated RAP Confirmed Breakpoints at 15% 25%. Recycling, by tonnage 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.9 2.9 3.3 6.2 70 80.3 0 102030 4050607080 90 Plastic containers Magazines Lead-acid batteries Aluminum cans Glass bottles Concrete pavement …
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Used in Pavement Preservation Applications. What We Know Asphalt has always been recyclable. # 2 in world after recycled water Valuable Material in Hot Mix Asphalt Provided Feasible and Cost Effective Nearby to HMA Plant More Going Out Then Into the Facility No Inventory Build Up. Other Historical Low Value RAP Uses Shoulder Backing Trucking & …
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP ) Topics • Overview • Benefits of using RAP • History / Specifications • Performance Studies of RAP mixes • Recommended practices . HMA – America’s Most Recycled Product SMOOTH DURABLE SAFE QUIET Pavement Milling Plant Waste Material Asphalt Pavement Removal RAP Sources. HMA – America’s Most Recycled Product SMOOTH …
virgin aggregates (Mix A). Effects of foamed bitumen content and RAP contents to ITS value were further analysed using statistical two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
RAP, both virgin and salvage base materials, when available, were used. Experimental results Experimental results indicate that, besides the cement content, the RAP content and fines content in RAP-granular base
vii modulus than finer RAP because the coarser RAP mixture required introduction of finer virgin aggregate and more virgin binder that controls these two properties.
Prediction of Virgin Aggregate Temperature in Asphalt Plant Using Thermodynamics Prediction of Virgin Aggregate Temperature. 12/13/2016 11 Heat Transfer and Energy Requirements • Heat transfer and energy require to prepare a mix has broken down into Three stages: • Energy requires for heating and drying virgin aggregates • Energy requires for heating and drying RAP/RAS • Heat
gravity of RAP and virgin aggregates is needed to calculate the voids in mineral aggregates (VMA) in the Superpave mix design. Even if the properties of virgin aggregate and binder are available, they are different from what is left in RAP and it is required to make a couple of assumptions, including asphalt absorption (P ba), to calculate the . In this study, Superpave mixes with 20, 30, and
The ratio of RAP to virgin aggregate (R/V) may be restricted by the asphalt rheology, the gradation of the RAP material, or by the amount of material available to be reclaimed.

The properties of the virgin aggregates were compared with those of aggregates extracted from laboratory-produced recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) from four different aggregate sources. The
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a useful alternative to virgin materials because it reduces the need to use virgin aggregate, which is a scarce commodity in some areas of the United States.
For RAP, the uniformity of such characteristics as asphalt content and rheology, aggregate properties and moisture content have a direct effect on the performance of the final mixture. The properties of the asphalt binder dictate the type of virgin binder to be added.
Balancing the Softening Effects of Asphalt Rejuvenators
The use of fractionated reclaimed asphalt pavement (FRAP) was investigated as a partial replacement (0%, 20%, 35%, and 50%) of virgin coarse aggregate in …
RAP Statistics The #1 most recycled material* 66.7 million tons of RAP used in 2011 19 million barrels (3.3M tons) of virgin asphalt
Binder Properties • Binder in the RAP is aged and much harder than Virgin Binder • Need to account for this at higher RAP % – Use a softer asphalt with higher Rap % – This will prevent brittle mixes and ensure good performance . HMA – America’s Most Recycled Product SMOOTH DURABLE SAFE QUIET Binder Replacement Calculation Binder Replacement, % = (A X B) ×100% C Where: A
designed and tested in the laboratory with each RAP, virgin binder and virgin aggregate at RAP contents up to 50%. The laboratory mixtures were compared to plant produced mixtures with the
RAP (PG 88-4 after recovery) used in the study had a greater effect on the low-temperature properties of the blended asphalt binder than the medium and low stiffness RAP … – the hadoop distributed file system by konstantin shvachko pdf These improved properties can be useful for the use of RAP aggregate concrete in the construction of road bases and sub-bases. The material is also potentially of use for all non-structural purposes. The material is also potentially of use for all non-structural purposes.
properties of virgin andrecovered binders -CRM HMA mixtures. from RAP and RAP Additionally, results of rutting and thermal cracking performance of such mixtures are also evaluated in this paper.
that the addition of RAP to virgin aggregate decreases the maximum dry density and alters the amount of water needed to reach optimum compaction. Results from this study indicate that the addition of RAP to an aggregate will cause the compaction curve to drop and shift to the left. In other words, the maximum dry density is inversely proportional to the percentage of asphalt millings contained
Use RAP blended with virgin aggregate at a roughly 50/50 ratio. When one has too much RAP, one runs the risk of the RAP setting up, forming larger chunks that cannot easily be re-
properties of the RCA –60‐40 RCA and RAP in 7‐in lower lift; 23 ft wide different from virgin aggregate PCC. 16. Other Applications •RCA is an economical and highly stable material that is well‐suited for granular fill applications. •Most states allow the use of RCA for erosion control (“rip‐rap”) or slope stabilization. •Soil stabilization, pipe bedding, landscape
a) The aggregate in the RAP should meet the same requirements as required for virgin aggregates. b) Control the moisture content in RAP stockpiles at acceptable levels
during mix from RAP to virgin aggregate. In this study, a single source of RAP was separated into different sizes In this study, a single source of RAP was separated into different sizes and mixed with a specific group of virgin aggregates.
Aggregate properties and the test methods specified in AS 2758.1 2 The selection of mix proportions involves a balance between economy and the requirements of placeability, strength, durability, density and appearance. For that reason, the choice of aggregates for a particular project may be heavily influenced by its source distance from the project, and specifically from the concrete batch
reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binder properties and the amount of RAP in the mixture. Kiggundu et al w showed that mixtures prepared from the recycled binder blends generally age at a slower rate than virgin mixtures.
proportions of RAP with virgin aggregate at different temperatures and no additional liquid AC. The experiment took place the morning of Wednesday, November 4, 2009 at the Crane Creek Asphalt (A division of Mathy Construction) Plant No. 84 shown in Figure 1 and located at 680
using virgin material in Table 9.1. Sub-base 9.02 Sub-base material shall be crushed rock and shall have the properties stated material passing the 425 µm BS test sieve, when tested in accordance with Clause 9.46(4) shall be non-plastic. Recycled sub-base material in lieu of virgin material 9.03 (1) Recycled sub-base material shall be crushed rock, crushed concrete or clean crushed inert
Balancing the Softening Effects of Asphalt Rejuvenators with Polymer Modified Asphalt in High RAP Content Mixtures Dr. Walaa S. Mogawer, PE, F.ASCE
the properties and performances of 100% RAP mixtures as well as RAP/virgin aggregate blends. In addition, this report includes a survey of 12 state DOT’s detailing current
Consensus aggregate properties, specific gravity tests, and gradation analysis were per- formed on three replicates each of the virgin and recovered aggregates. Only the sand equivalent test and aggregate-specific gravities showed regular significant
v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. RAP Aggregate Gradatation Figure 2. Design Gradation Figure 3. Modified Screen Configuration for AASHTO TP2 Figure 4.
for the Engineer’s approval the use of virgin aggregates in lieu of recycled aggregates in the sub-base material when there is a shortage of supply of recycled aggregates. 2006 Edition 9.4 Table 9.1: Properties of sub-base material Properties BS test sieve Percentage by mass passing Particle size distribution 75 mm 37.5 mm 20 mm 10 mm 5 mm 600 µm 75 µm 100 85 – 100 60 – 85 40 – 70 25 – 45
RAP stockpile fractionation have on the volumetric mix design properties for high-RAP content surface mixes, with the goal of meeting all specified criteria for standard HMA mix designs. The processing of RAP materials results in the degradation of the aggregate structure of the original pavement. The increased presence of fine RAP materials in the stockpile can be attributed to the amount of
RAP Binder Quantity based on RAP Aggregate Quantity Virgin Binder Content –Hot Plant Report. Specification Highlights –Testing and Acceptance 2) Compaction Conventional Mixtures – Ten cores to determine in-place voids (Acceptance based on PWL) RAP Mixtures –Same as Conventional. Specification Highlights –Testing and Acceptance 3) Mineral Aggregate Properties Conventional …
Andre Molenaar Design of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
of 0.5 percent of the aggregate in the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) portion. c. Add more lime and an approved heat-stable, anti-stripping additive that meets the requirements of Subsection 831.2.04, “Heat Stable Anti-Stripping Additive,” if necessary, to meet requirements for mixture properties.
4 To calculate the intrinsic value of RAP, the cost of the virgin mix must be determined. For example, if the cost of aggregate is per ton and the
such as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), in road foundations, and current design procedures assume that recycled materials have similar properties to those of typical virgin
RAP and Virgin Binder •Adsorption effects of RAP aggregate •Solubility “Power” of virgin asphalt •Is compatibility of virgin and RAP an issue? •Depends •Compatibility depends on solubility •Combined binder rheology will be a function of compatibility . RAP Compatibility Work •Lab blends of virgin and RAP @ 0,15 & 50% •2 asphalts of different composition •4 RAP; MB, SC
These properties can be improved by using RAP in combination with virgin aggregates (VA) and/or calcium based additives such as lime, cement or fly ash. Calcium rich fly ash and a fraction of VA have been used in the present study to evaluate the strength in terms of UCS and stiffness in terms of M r of RAP to promote as a pavement base/subbase material.
Effect of Changing Virgin Binder Grade and Content on RAP Mixture Properties RESEARCH SYNOPSIS 12-03 Problem Statement Most highway agencies have experience using asphalt mixtures
Nontraditional aggregate (e .g., large size virgin or recycled aggregate, e.g., above 1.5-in. top size or primary crusher run size material) Quarry By-product (less than 6 mm in size)
Volumetric Properties of High RAP Mixtures Based on

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Asphalt Mixtures
RAP and virgin 20mm aggregate were used in proportions of 0% RAP/ 100% Virgin aggregate, 20% RAP/ 80% virgin aggregate and then incrementally the RAP percentage was increased by 20% replacing the virgin aggregate until 100% RAP was used in the design mix.
Development of Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement Performance Properties for Long-Life Pavement Design: Caltrans Distri ct 2, Interstate 5, Red Bluff, California (UCPRC-TM- 2014-03.
(by weight of aggregate) because of concern that such RAP mixtures would be more susceptible to cracking. RAP binder is stiffer and less strain-tolerant than virgin binder and, therefore, as the proportion of RAP increases, so does the potential for increased mixture stiffness and cracking. This could result in early performance problems and greater rehabilitation costs. Several research
Andre Molenaar Design of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures – Download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. lalalala
Since the aged asphalt film coating Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) aggregates has prevented virgin asphalt from directly attaching to the aggregates, the mechanism behavior developed between RAP aggregates and virgin asphalt should be considered differently.
30% in material cost savings could be realized with a 50/50 blend of RAP and virgin aggregate. In addition, this application In addition, this application would likely result in a substantial reduction in the amount of RAP material currently stockpiled in Virginia.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Enhanced mortar approach to characterize the effect of reclaimed asphalt pavement on virgin binder true grade Y. Yan . D. Hernando .
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is the term given to removed and/or reprocessed pavement materials containing asphalt and aggregates. These materials are generated when asphalt pavements are removed for reconstruction, resurfacing, or to obtain access to …
Four important considerations when working with RAP

Laboratory Tests and Numerical Simulation of Mixing

TLT – 300 (03) RECYCLING ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT RACP

Recycled Base Aggregates in Pavement Applications

Study on bond properties between RAP aggregates and virgin
the hadoop distributed file system by konstantin shvachko pdf – Development of Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement Performance
performance of Recycled Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures NCA

Fractionated Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (FRAP) as a Coarse

Use of 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Material in

Hot Mix Asphalts 101 New Jersey
Use of 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Material in

asphalt quality RAP is different than virgin aggregate and asphalt.”11 These differences translate into varying impacts on workers and the environment, into which there has been little research.
1 Characterizing RAP Binder Properties through Impact Resonance Testing of Asphalt Mixtures NEAUPG Annual Meeting Portsmouth, New Hampshire October 24, 2013
reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binder properties and the amount of RAP in the mixture. Kiggundu et al w showed that mixtures prepared from the recycled binder blends generally age at a slower rate than virgin mixtures.
replacement for more expensive virgin aggregate. Guthrie et al. (2007) conducted freefree resonant column tests on RAP and – natural aggregate blends to evaluate the effects of percentage change of RAP …
properties of the RCA –60‐40 RCA and RAP in 7‐in lower lift; 23 ft wide different from virgin aggregate PCC. 16. Other Applications •RCA is an economical and highly stable material that is well‐suited for granular fill applications. •Most states allow the use of RCA for erosion control (“rip‐rap”) or slope stabilization. •Soil stabilization, pipe bedding, landscape
properties of virgin andrecovered binders -CRM HMA mixtures. from RAP and RAP Additionally, results of rutting and thermal cracking performance of such mixtures are also evaluated in this paper.
A. Natural Aggregate RAP Gsb If the RAP consists of natural aggregates only, the RAP Gsb shall be as follows: District RAP Gsb 1 & 2 2.660 3 – 9 2.630 B. Slag RAP Gsb RAP If the RAP contains slag aggregate the following procedure shall be used by an independent AASHTO accredited laboratory to determine the slag RAP Gsb. 1. Slag RAP Gsb Summary of Method A representative slag RAP …
the properties and performances of 100% RAP mixtures as well as RAP/virgin aggregate blends. In addition, this report includes a survey of 12 state DOT’s detailing current
(nominal maximum aggregate size) aggregate with PG 64-28/AC 20 binder. The asphalt The asphalt content of the RAP was determined to be 5 %, and the washed gradation was determined.
Binder Properties • Binder in the RAP is aged and much harder than Virgin Binder • Need to account for this at higher RAP % – Use a softer asphalt with higher Rap % – This will prevent brittle mixes and ensure good performance . HMA – America’s Most Recycled Product SMOOTH DURABLE SAFE QUIET Binder Replacement Calculation Binder Replacement, % = (A X B) ×100% C Where: A
of 0.5 percent of the aggregate in the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) portion. c. Add more lime and an approved heat-stable, anti-stripping additive that meets the requirements of Subsection 831.2.04, “Heat Stable Anti-Stripping Additive,” if necessary, to meet requirements for mixture properties.
Laboratory Tests and Numerical Simulation of Mixing Superheated Virgin Aggregate with RAP Materials Kun Zhang1 Haifang Wen1 Andrew Hobbs2 1Washington State University and 2ASTEC Industries INC.